Native Instructions (NATIVE_IF / NATIVE_WHILE / NATIVE_DO / BREAK_LOOP / CONTINUE)

The native control flow instruction set is based on the PUSH / JMP / CONTINUE / BREAK_LOOP pointer operation pattern — an orthogonal extension to the traditional call_sub instructions. Loop bodies are always wrapped as NodeCompose(body, CONTINUE()) and RET is not involved in native loops.

Overview

Traditional instructions (IF / WHILE / DO) use call_sub to enter branch bodies — an extra nested call layer. Native instructions replace this with lightweight pointer jumps:

call_sub path:      call_sub → execute → auto-return
native loop path:   push → jump → execute → CONTINUE → pop → jump loop head

Loop bodies always end with CONTINUE() (auto-appended by the compiler) which pops the stack and jumps back to the loop head for the next iteration.

DI & middleware are interpreter-level — both paths execute every node through _call(), so dependency injection and the middleware hook apply identically. Native instructions only save the call_sub nesting layer; they do not bypass DI or middleware.

CONTINUE vs BREAK_LOOP

Instruction	Purpose	Auto-inserted?
CONTINUE()	End current iteration, jump to loop head	✅ compiler fallback
BREAK_LOOP()	Terminate the loop (pop stack + jump to sentinel)	❌ manual only

The key difference: CONTINUE() pops the stack and jumps back to the loop head (the loop continues with the next iteration), while BREAK_LOOP() pops the stack and jumps directly to the loop's sentinel NOP, cleanly ending the loop. Both target positions are configured at compile time by the enclosing loop's extract() via the DFS scanner _configure_loop_control_nodes() — never by hand.

RET is not part of native loops. It uses rebase_ptr + natural advance_pointer and is meant for manual stack-return patterns (CALL / PUSH_RET). CONTINUE() / BREAK_LOOP() are direct jump_far_ptr operations that set the jump flag.

Compile-Time Body Classification

_classify_body distinguishes payload types:

payload type	NATIVE_IF path	NATIVE_WHILE / NATIVE_DO path
BaseNode	call_offset (auto-return)	Auto-wrapped NodeCompose(body, CONTINUE())
NodeCompose / SelfCompileInstruction	Wrap in bubble (natural flow-back, no return instruction)	Wrap as NodeCompose(*body._graph, CONTINUE())

NATIVE_IF

Import

from amrita_sense.instructions.native import NATIVE_IF

Signature

NATIVE_IF(
    condition: Node[bool],
    body: BaseNode | NodeCompose | SelfCompileInstruction,
) -> NativeIfClause

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
.ELIF(condition, body)	→ Self	Append ELIF branch; chainable
.ELSE(body)	→ Self	Append ELSE branch; at most once

Compiled Layout

Single IF (bubble body)

IF-ELIF-ELSE Chain

Every branch (IF, ELIF, ELSE) is a plain nested container with no return instruction — each flows naturally to the merge point via advance_pointer, matching Python's if/elif/else semantics.

Underlying Nodes

• NativeIfJumpNode (_core.py): Condition jump node for IF/ELIF. The _is_single flag determines the single-node (call_offset) vs bubble (jump_far_ptr only — no PUSH / no RET) path.

NATIVE_WHILE

Import

from amrita_sense.instructions.native import NATIVE_WHILE

Signature

NATIVE_WHILE(
    condition: Node[bool],
) -> NativeWhileClause

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
.ACTION(body)	→ Self	Set loop body; required, once only

Compiled Layout

Underlying Nodes

• NativeWhileNode (_core.py): Condition evaluation + dispatch node. Pure jump: condition true → PUSH [0] (its own address) → jump_far_ptr into body; condition false → jump_near(3) to exit. The body's trailing CONTINUE() pops and jumps back to [0].

NATIVE_DO

Import

from amrita_sense.instructions.native import NATIVE_DO

Signature

NATIVE_DO(
    body: BaseNode | NodeCompose | SelfCompileInstruction,
) -> NativeDoClause

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
.WHILE(condition)	→ Self	Set loop condition; required, once only

Compiled Layout

Single-node bodies are auto-wrapped the same way (NodeCompose(body, CONTINUE())).

Underlying Nodes

• NativeDoWhileNode (_core.py): DO-WHILE back-edge node. When condition is true, jump_near(loop_pos) back to body entry (NativeBubbleEnterNode handles re-entry); when false, jump_near(exit_pos) to exit.
• NativeBubbleEnterNode (_core.py): Bubble entry helper used when a native body is entered via a jump (DO body, ELSE body). Constructor takes body_pos and push.
  • push=True (default, DO): PUSHes a sentinel (its own address) onto _ret_addr_stack then jump_far_ptrs into the body, so CONTINUE() / BREAK_LOOP() can pop it.
  • push=False (ELSE branch): no sentinel is pushed — the body flows back to the merge point naturally via advance_pointer, like a Python else block.

BREAK_LOOP

Import

from amrita_sense.instructions.native import BREAK_LOOP

Signature

BREAK_LOOP() -> _BreakLoopNode  # factory function

BREAK_LOOP is a factory function — call it as BREAK_LOOP(). It is not a module-level singleton, so a bare BREAK_LOOP reference will not work.

How It Works

1. pc._ret_addr_stack.pop() clean up the return address pushed on loop entry
2. Derive the enclosing bubble's parent address from the popped PointerVector
3. pc.jump_far_ptr([*parent, break_pos]) jump to the sentinel NOP — break_pos was configured at compile time by the enclosing loop's extract() (DFS scanner)

Constraints

• Must be inside a native loop body: a node not configured by any enclosing loop raises RuntimeError at runtime
• One level per call: pops one stack entry and exits the innermost enclosing native loop
• Nesting: each loop level configures only its own body's control nodes (the DFS scanner stops at inner native-loop boundaries)
• Normal execution continues after break: the next node after the loop executes as usual

Example

from amrita_sense.instructions.native import BREAK_LOOP, NATIVE_WHILE

NATIVE_WHILE(cond).ACTION(process_item >> BREAK_LOOP() >> log_item)

CONTINUE

Import

from amrita_sense.instructions.native import CONTINUE

Signature

CONTINUE() -> _ContinueNode  # factory function

How It Works

Identical mechanics to BREAK_LOOP(), but the target is the loop head instead of the sentinel: for NATIVE_WHILE it jumps to [0] (re-evaluate condition); for NATIVE_DO it jumps to [2] (the do-while node, re-check condition).

Constraints

• Must be inside a native loop body: same runtime RuntimeError if unconfigured
• Auto-appended: every loop body already ends with CONTINUE() — you only write it manually to skip the rest of the current iteration
• Not an exception: it is a synchronous pointer operation (wrap_to_async=False) and does not trigger exception handling

Example

from amrita_sense.instructions.native import CONTINUE, NATIVE_DO

NATIVE_DO(
    step_a
    >> CONTINUE()  # skip step_b, re-check condition
    >> step_b
).WHILE(cond)

Comparison with Traditional Instructions

	IF	NATIVE_IF	WHILE	NATIVE_WHILE	DO	NATIVE_DO
Entry	call_sub	jump_far_ptr or call_offset	call_sub	PUSH+JMP	call_sub	PUSH+JMP
Return	auto (call_sub)	natural flow-back (bubble) / auto (single)	auto (call_sub)	CONTINUE() (auto)	auto (call_sub)	CONTINUE() (auto)
Break	raise BreakLoop	BREAK_LOOP()	raise BreakLoop	BREAK_LOOP()	raise BreakLoop	BREAK_LOOP()
Continue	—	—	—	CONTINUE()	—	CONTINUE()
Middleware	invoked	invoked (interpreter-level)	invoked	invoked (interpreter-level)	invoked	invoked (interpreter-level)
DI resolution	invoked	invoked (interpreter-level)	invoked	invoked (interpreter-level)	invoked	invoked (interpreter-level)

Notes

1. Loop bodies always end with CONTINUE(): the compiler auto-appends CONTINUE(). If you manually construct a NodeCompose as a loop body, place CONTINUE() at the end (or rely on auto-wrapping).
2. BREAK_LOOP / CONTINUE are not exceptions: they are synchronous pointer operations (wrap_to_async=False) and do not trigger exception handling
3. Native instructions are composable: fully interoperable with >>, NodeCompose, and traditional instructions
4. Branches flow back naturally: NATIVE_IF / ELIF / ELSE bubbles carry no return instruction — they are plain nested containers that flow back to the merge point via advance_pointer, exactly like Python if/elif/else blocks. There is no early-return mechanism (no manual RET inside a branch body).